Sunday, March 3, 2013

Narrative Devices and Style of the Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams


Narrative Devices
·         Flashback
This narrative device is dominant in the play. The whole story is from the memory of Tom. He used this device to narrate his past experiences in his house with his mother, Amanda and sister, Laura.
“Tom: To begin with, I turn bark time. I reverse it to that quaint period, the thirties, when the huge middle class of America was matriculating in a school for the blind.”
Another flashback occurred when Amanda was recalling and romanticizing about her past when fame and wealth was hers. She had many gentlemen callers back then.
“Amanda: One Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain – your mother received – seventeen! – gentlemen callers!”
·         Foreshadowing
This narrative device is evident when the glass unicorn’s horn was broke by Jim. It foreshadows the breaking of the heart of Laura.
·         Coincidence
Tom got Jim O’Connor as the gentleman caller for Laura not knowing that Jim and Laura knew each other from high school.
“Laura: There was a Jim O'Connor we both knew in high school - [Then, with effort.] If that is the one that Tom is bringing to dinner - you'll have to excuse me, I won't come to the table.”

Style
·         Informal (Dialogue)
                    Since the evaluated piece is a play, it is expected to be in a dialogue form using informal words to incorporate a natural scene from everyday life.
·         Sentence Structure:
Simple – “Tom: His name is O’Connor.”
                Compound – “Amanda: My devotion has made me a witch and so I make myself hateful to my children.”
               Compound - Complex – “Amanda: When I was a girl in Blue Mountain and it was suspected that a young man drank, the girl whose attentions he had been receiving, if any girl was, would sometimes speak to the minister of his church, or rather her father would if her father was living, and sort of feel him out on the young man's character.”
·         Figures of speech:
                Simile – “…Creamy thighs, eyes like wood smoke in autumn, fingers that soothe and caress like strains of music, bodies as powerful as Etruscan sculpture.”
                Metaphor – “All girls are trap, and all men expect them to be.”
                Allusion – “Amanda: He had the Midas Touch, whatever he touched turned to gold!”
                Oxymoron –  “Amanda: [She slowly removes her hat and gloves continuing the sweet suffering stare.]”
                Synecdoche – “Amanda: She also needed to have a nimble wit and a tongue to meet all occasions.”
                Hyperbole – “Amanda: I bet your ears were burning.”
·         Imageries:
                Visual – “Amanda: Oh, I can see the handwriting on the wall as plain as I see the nose in front of my face.”
                Kinaesthetic – “Laura: [She makes a nervous gesture toward the chart on the wall.]”
                Auditory – “Narrator: From the outside there is a steady murmur of rain, but it is slackening and soon stops.”
                Thermal – “Amanda: So warm already.”
                Tactile – “Tom: Their eyes had failed them or they had failed their eyes, and so they were having their fingers pressed forcibly down on the fiery Braille alphabet of a dissolving economy.”
Symbolism:
                                Glass Menagerie/ Unicorn
                The Glass menagerie symbolizes the fragile world of the characters.  All of the Wingfields live in a world of dreams and illusions. They are strange characters who are fragile enough to break easily
                                Fire Escape/Movies/Alcohol
                    These are the means of Tom’s escape from reality. These are the symbols that have a different meaning and function for each character. For example,  fire escape is a means of escape from fire, not the type of fire that was considered in its building, but "the slow and implacable fires of human desperation." 

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